Il giovanissimo imperatore di Russia

Il 29 maggio 1727, Pietro II Romanov (1715-1730) nipote di Pietro il Grande, divenne zar di Russia, alla morte della sua seconda moglie Caterina. (vedi qui: La lavandaia che divenne zarina)
Purtroppo durante la sua infanzia Pietro era stato per lo più ignorato, e solo nell’ultimo periodo, quando divenne chiaro che sarebbe stato l’erede , non fu più tenuto quasi in reclusione, ma in un certo modo preparato al compito che l’avrebbe atteso.

Diventato zar a soli 11 anni di età, Pietro II non fu mai in grado di governare autonomamente: il potere fu posto nelle mani dei suoi tutori, uno dei quali fu il cancelliere Menšikov, che pensò di farlo fidanzare con sua figlia Maria. Il patto venne ufficializzato nel 1726 quando i promessi sposi avevano rispettivamente 11 e 15 anni. Come conseguenza, alla giovane principessa fu assegnato il trattamento di “Altezza imperiale” e un appannaggio annuo di 34.000 rubli.

Quando il cancelliere cadde in disgrazia e venne esiliato con tutta la famiglia, compresa Maria, in Siberia, Pietro cadde sotto l’influenza di altri tutori: la famiglia Dolgorukij. Ivan Alekseevič Dolgorukov approfittò del ruolo predominante sul giovane zar Pietro II, che aveva appena quattordici anni, e colse l’occasione per farlo fidanzare con sua sorella Ekaterina Alekseevna Dolgorukova.
Il 19 novembre 1729 venne dato l’annuncio ufficiale del prossimo matrimonio, che garantiva alla giovane il titolo di “Altezza imperiale” e “augusta fidanzata”.
Quando Ekaterina fu fatta arrivare a palazzo, la corona dorata che sovrastava la sua carrozza urtò contro l’ architrave del portone e si ruppe cadendo per terra. La folla radunata ad accoglierla vi lesse un brutto presagio.

Il giorno dell’Epifania del 1730 i promessi sposi assistettero alla tradizionale benedizione delle acque: Pietro II restò a cavallo sulla Moscova ghiacciata per quattro ore e la sera stessa accusò una forte emicrania, febbre e brividi. I medici di Corte all’inizio pensarono si trattasse del gelo patito sul fiume, ma poi si accorsero che era vaiolo.

Venne programmato in tutta fretta il matrimonio per il 30 gennaio, per garantire a Ekaterina la successione al trono. Ma Pietro era ormai quasi moribondo e nonostante fossero stati fatti tentativi, sul letto di morte, di farla rimanere incinta, questi non ebbero successo.
Purtroppo alle prime ore del 30 gennaio 1730, il giorno fissato per le nozze, il ragazzo spirò.
Ivan Dolgorukov , che aveva preso parte attiva alla stesura di un falso testamento, annunciò alla folla di dignitari convenuta a palazzo che Sua Maestà aveva designato come erede al trono russo l’ “augusta fidanzata”. Ma non riuscì nel suo intento.

Pochi minuti prima del decesso, in preda al delirio, il giovane Zar aveva ordinato di andare a prendere sua sorella Natalya. Purtroppo la ragazza, a cui egli era particolarmente legato e che era l’unica che avesse una qualche influenza benefica su di lui, era morta da oltre un anno.

Immagine: Ritratto di Pietro II di Russia ( Museo dell’Hermitage di San Pietroburgo)

36 thoughts on “Il giovanissimo imperatore di Russia

    1. Here is the (corrected) version of my translator:
      On 29 May 1727, Peter II Romanov (1715-1730) grandson of Peter the Great, became Tsar of Russia on the death of his grandmother Catherine.
      Unfortunately during the reign of his grandparents Pietro had been mostly ignored, and only in the last period, when it became clear that he would be the heir, was he no longer kept almost in confinement, but in a certain way prepared for his future task.

      Having become Tsar at just 11 years of age, Peter II was never able to govern independently: power was placed in the hands of his tutors, one of whom was Chancellor Menshikov, who thought of making him betrothed to his daughter Maria. The pact was made official in 1726 when the betrothed were respectively 11 and 15 years old. As a result, the young princess was awarded the treatment of “Imperial Highness” and an annual prerogative of 34,000 rubles.

      When the chancellor fell from grace and was exiled with his family, including Maria, to Siberia, Peter fell under the influence of other guardians: the Dolgorukij family. Ivan Alekseevič Dolgorukov took advantage of the predominant role over the young Tsar Peter II, who was just fourteen, and took the opportunity to get him engaged to his sister Ekaterina Alekseevna Dolgorukova.
      On November 19, 1729, the official announcement of the forthcoming marriage was made: it guaranteed the young woman the title of “Imperial Highness” and “August fiancée”.
      When Ekaterina was brought to the palace, the golden crown that dominated her carriage hit the lintel of the door and fell to the ground. The crowd gathered to welcome her read it as a bad omen.

      On the day of the Epiphany of 1730, the betrothed witnessed the traditional blessing of the waters: Peter II stayed on horseback on the frozen Moskva River for four hours and that same evening he suffered from severe headaches, fever and chills. The court doctors at first thought it was the cold suffered on the river, but then they realized it was smallpox.

      The wedding was hastily planned for January 30, to ensure Ekaterina’s succession to the throne. But when Peter was almost dying , attempts were made, on his deathbed, to get her pregnant , but they were unsuccessful.
      in the early hours of January 30, 1730, the day set for the wedding, the boy passed away.
      Ivan Dolgorukov, who had taken an active part in the drafting of a false will, announced to the crowd of dignitaries gathered at the palace that His Majesty had designated the “august betrothed” as heir to the Russian throne. But he did not succeed in his intent.

      A few minutes before his death, in delirium, the young Tsar had ordered to go and get his sister Natalya. Unfortunately the girl, to whom he was particularly attached and who was the only one who had any beneficial influence on him, had been dead for over a year.

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      1. Thank you so much Luisa I’m using the microphone so God knows how it’s going to come out but thank you so much for doing that for me I really appreciate it. God bless your heart darling and I miss speaking with you I’m enjoying my blog I’m enjoying something called Hangouts I’ve started the Facebook thing I’m on chats I’ve met the most wonderful people but just like here in America I’ve met some strange people they expect when you talk nice to them and everything they expect you to send them obscene films or videos of yourself in bed oh my God and some of these people are the pillar of society so I guess crazy is all over the world not only here but of course you learn to weed them out it’s a little heartbreaking but we’ll talk about that another time bless you and I love you thank you for doing this for me

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        You’re right, you meet all kinds of people on social media. It is necessary to always keep your eyes open, and not believe everything they write. I send you all my love 😘😘😘

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