Lady Hamilton & Horatia in Calais (part 66)

When Emma Hamilton died on 15 January 1815 she left a lot of considerable debts in and around Calais, therefore no one was willing to pay for her funeral expenses.
She was on the point of being buried in a spot of ground intended for the poor, when an Englishman residing in Calais offered to bear all the costs of her burial.

His name was Mr Henry Cadogan and he was later repaid by Alderman Joshua Smith, one of Emma’s last friends.
She was buried in the cemetery of the local Catholic church of St Pierre on 21 January and it is said that some gentlemen in Calais, amounting to about fifty, attended as mourners at the interment, including the captains of every English ship in Calais harbour, out of respect for Nelson.

The expenses paid for by Henry Cadogan were as follows:
“An oak coffin, caulked, Church expenses, Priests, Candells, Burial Ground, men sitting up, dressing the Body, spirits, etc., etc., £28 10s.” and were later reimbursed by Alderman Joshua Smith, one of Emma’s last friends.
Probably the spirits were some of the debts left by Emma.

After four days the “Morning Post” of the 25th of January 1815 took that little piece of news from the Gazette de France”, and offered it to English readers.

The February issue of “The Gentleman’s Magazine” (one of the first general-interest periodicals that monthly summarized news and commentary on a variety of topics) also featured Emma Hamilton. The article began with a short biography:
The origin of this Lady was very humble, and she had experienced all those vicissitudes in early life which too generally attend females whose beauty has betrayed them into vice, and which unhappily proves the means of subsistence….”

Fortunately it later acknowledged that “in private life she was a humane and generous woman… always affable, kind, and obliging to all whom she had any opportunity of serving by her influence”

After which the journalist began to speak of the burial, in a wholly inaccurate manner, starting with a scathing criticism of France as “ her ladyship’s death has occasioned another example of French intolerance…”

What was he talking about?

He was describing her internment but the information provided was horrible:
“In the village of Calais where she [Lady Hamilton] died, there was no Protestant clergyman, and no Catholic would officiate because she was a heretic; she was even refused Christian burial ; no coffin was allowed, but the body was put into a sack and cast into a hole. An Englishman hearing of this barbarity had the body dug up and interred, though not in the churchyard.”

It was necessary to wait for the next issue of “The Gentleman’s Magazine “ (March 1815), to get the correct account, which began like this:
The article in page 183 relative to the interment of Lady Hamilton we have since been assured is inaccurate. Her body was not refused Christian burial on account of her religion: such an objection could not have been made, as a Catholic priest performed the last offices of prayer, and administered her the sacrament a short time before her dissolution, no Protestant Minister being at hand.
The fact is that that lady having incurred many very considerable debts at Calais and its neighbourhood, no person would undertake to furnish her funeral, and she was on the point of being buried in a spot of ground appropriated to the poor, when an English merchant …”

It ended with a concise description of the funeral rite and the fifty mourners.

While in England the French had been blamed, in France, it was the British who were held responsible for letting “the coadjutor of the saviour of the fatherland” die, depriving her of the nourishment necessary to sustain her declining health. They called her an “emigrant patriot” driven to leave her homeland and die in a foreign country whose inhabitants rightly regarded Nelson as a mortal enemy- The poor lady had been forced to seek refuge and be buried among strangers, flying from the country she had served so faithfully, to die in a land she had helped to defeat.

Meanwhile in Britain not many people were concerned, besides the creditors worried about their prospects of repayment; .
However, there were a couple of people who were really interested.

To be continued

Quando Emma Hamilton morì il 15 gennaio 1815 lasciò molti ingenti debiti a Calais e nei dintorni, quindi nessuno era disposto a pagare le spese per il suo funerale.
Stava quindi per essere seppellita in un’area destinata ai poveri, quando un inglese residente a Calais si offrì di sostenere tutte le spese della sua sepoltura.

Si chiamava Mr Henry Cadogan ed in seguito venne rimborsato dal Consigliere Joshua Smith, uno degli ultimi amici di Emma.

Fu sepolta nel cimitero della chiesa cattolica di St Pierre, il 21 gennaio, e si dice che per rispetto verso Nelson alcuni signori di Calais, una cinquantina in tutto, presero parte alla celebrazione, Tra di questi figuravano anche i capitani di ogni nave inglese presente nel porto di Calais.

Le spese sostenute da Henry Cadogan furono le seguenti:
“Una bara di quercia sigillata, spese della Chiesa, Sacerdoti, Candele, Cimitero, Uomini per la veglia funebre, per preparare il Corpo, spiriti, ecc., ecc., £ 28 10s.”
Probabilmente gli spiriti riguardavano alcuni dei debiti lasciati da Emma.

Dopo quattro giorni il “Morning Post” del 25 gennaio 1815, prese quella scarna notizia dalla ” Gazette de France” e la trasmise ai lettori inglesi.

Anche il numero di febbraio del “Gentleman’s Magazine” (uno dei primi periodici di interesse generale che riassumeva mensilmente notizie e commenti su una gran varietà di argomenti) parlava di Emma Hamilton. L’articolo iniziava con una breve biografia:

“L’origine di questa Signora era molto umile, e aveva sperimentato nella prima infanzia tutte quelle vicissitudini che generalmente accompagnano le donne la cui bellezza le ha tradite gettandole nel vizio, e che sfortunatamente si dimostra un mezzo di sussistenza….”
Per fortuna in seguito riconosceva che “nella vita privata era una donna benevola e generosa… sempre affabile, gentile e premurosa con tutti coloro che aveva l’opportunità di favorire con la sua influenza”
Dopo di che cominciava a parlare della sepoltura, in modo totalmente impreciso, iniziando con un’aspra critica alla Francia in quanto “la morte di Sua Signoria ha dato luogo a un altro esempio di intolleranza francese…”

Di cosa stava parlando?
Stava descrivendola sua inumazione , ma le informazioni fornite erano orribili:

Nel villaggio di Calais dove lei [Lady Hamilton] è morta, non c’era nessun pastore protestante, e nessun cattolico avrebbe officiato perché era una eretica; le fu persino rifiutata la sepoltura cristiana; non fu concessa una bara ma il corpo venne messo in un sacco e gettato in un buco. Un inglese che ha sentito parlare di questa barbarie ha fatto però dissotterrare e poi seppellire il corpo, ma non nel cimitero….”

Si dovette aspettare il numero successivo di “The Gentleman’s Magazine”, quello di marzo, per avere il il resoconto corretto che iniziava così:
Abbiamo poi accertato che l’articolo a pagina 183 relativo alla sepoltura di Lady Hamilton era impreciso. Al suo corpo non fu rifiutata una sepoltura cristiana a causa della sua religione: tale critica non avrebbe potuto essere avanzata in quanto un sacerdote cattolico ha celebrato gli ultimi uffici di preghiera, e le ha amministrato i sacramenti poco prima della sua fine, poiché non c’era nessun ministro protestante a portata di mano.
Il fatto è che quella signora si è considerevolmente indebitata a Calais e dintorni, e nessuno avrebbe pagato il suo funerale, e era sul punto di essere sepolta in un terreno destinato ai poveri…”

Terminava con una concisa descrizione del rito funebre e dei cinquanta partecipanti.

Mentre in Inghilterra erano stati accusati i Francesi, in Francia furono gli inglesi a essere biasimati perché ritenuti responsabili di aver lasciato morire “la collaboratrice del salvatore della patria” , facendole mancare il nutrimento necessario a sostenere la sua salute in declino. La definirono una “patriota emigrante” spinta a lasciare la patria per andare a morire in un paese straniero i cui abitanti a buon diritto consideravano Nelson un nemico mortale. La povera signora era stata costretta a cercare rifugio e essere sepolta tra estranei, costretta a fuggire dal paese che aveva servito così fedelmente, per morire in una terra che aveva contribuito a sconfiggere.

Nel frattempo in Gran Bretagna non molti erano interessati alla sua dipartita, oltre ai creditori, preoccupati per le loro prospettive di rimborso.
Comunque c’erano un paio di persone davvero in ansia.

Continua

Image: Lady Hamilton as Ambassadress by George Romney (1791) – Blanton Museum of Art, University of Texas at Austin. Emma is wearing a casual white dress with a cape and a feathered hat. In the background we can see an erupting Mount Vesuvius (Naples)

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66 thoughts on “Lady Hamilton & Horatia in Calais (part 66)

  1. I am glad she was given some dignity and honour in burial. Amazing ho fast inaccurate, scandalous news can travel. Glad there was a retraction and correction printed so soon. Happy Wednesday Luisa. Allan

    Liked by 1 person

      1. My thoughts exactly, Luisa, although these days corrections rarely gets the attention the original lies do. A front page lie is often corrected on page 12D. (I’m speaking as an American. Possibly in Italy the press is more conscientious..?)

        Liked by 1 person

      2. I totally agree with you, fake news corrections are too rare, as are continuations of those sensational news loudly proclaimed and then dropped into silence
        In Italy the press is by no means better or more reliable than anywhere else

        Liked by 3 people

  2. Luisa ! Your description of the last rite of Emma’s burial is very systematic . Only 50 people , mostly navy men who had respect for Admiral Nelson , were present on that occasion . She was buried in the cemetery of the village Calais with a very simple manner . A Catholic priest performed the last rite . And expenditure for that was made by an English man . Emma’s burial in a sack may surprise many but didn’t surprise those who knew Emma from the beginning . Here I would like to go little differently . We, in India, have four Ashram ( Stages ) of life as per the Indian view of life . Considering human life age as hundred years , the first 25 is considered as Brahcharya Ashram (meant for maintaining celibacy) , the second 25 years of life is called Grihastha Ashram (meant for worldly life) , the third 25 years of life is called Vanprastha Ashram ( meant for retirement/retired life ) , and the fourth 25 years of life is called Sanyash Ashram ( meant for leaving the worldly affair and even the house ) . But Emma’s life didn’t even cross the second step/stage of her life , I think , simply because she didn’t live perfectly the first stage of her life by maintaining celibacy . Anyway , your blog is nice and beautiful . Thanks !

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Dear Arbind, I think the news of the burial in the sack was a kind of scoop from the English to denigrate the French; the two nations have always despised each other.
      The description of the four Ashrams of life according to the Indians is very interesting and wise

      Once again I sincerely thank you for the nice cultural additions you bring to my articles 🙏🙏🙏

      Liked by 1 person

  3. Anche all’epoca certi giornali avevano il dono di non essere precisi quando dovevano riportare i fatti come stavano. Sicuramente un buon giornalista approfondisce sempre prima di dare alle stampe il suo pezzo e per fortuna, in seguito, c’è stata una revisione di quanto davvero successo. 🙂

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Le notizie sensazionali, anche se false, fanno vendere copie: ecco perché ne abbiamo così tante.
      Per quanto riguarda la Francia e l’Inghilterra non dobbiamo dimenticare poi che non correva buon sangue tra i due paesi🌷

      Liked by 2 people

      1. Proprio così: lo scoop a tutti i costi, il gonfiare notizie per essere “sempre i primi”, sempre quelli che vogliono anzi pretendono, quasi avessero fatto dell’avidità d’informazione, uno obiettivo da raggiungere a tutti i costi è davvero una cosa che abbonda ancora ad oggi. Naturalmente è giusto informare ma allo stesso tempo ci vuole tatto, garbo ed umiltà. Soprattutto quando capitano tragedie bisognerebbe “avere tatto” e invece, purtroppo, fanno a gara a chi riesce a strappare più informazioni possibili, tenendo poco conto del momento che magari, chi colpito da una tragedia, sta passando. Fortunatamente non è una cosa che vale per tutti e ci sono dei bravi giornalisti che, prima di procedere con la messa in stampa dell’articolo, s’informano bene e danno un servizio anche più completo a noi che veniamo informati, 🙂.

        Liked by 1 person

      2. Per fortuna esistono anche i verri Giornalisti, oltre agli scribacchini che rincorrono e accentuano la sensazionalità delle vicende. Grazie per questa preziosa conversazione, Ele amica carissima🤗❣️🤗

        Liked by 1 person

  4. Emma’s death has me shaken but life must go on. She reminded me of my beloved uncle who also died of Cirrhosis of the liver. But I love your narration. Very very beautiful. Now looking forward to read what happens to Horatia. ❤❤❤❤🥰🥰🥰🥰😊😊😊🌹🌹. Once again I wish you were my History teacher. The class would be so lovely and enjoyable.

    Liked by 1 person

      1. I’m writing this in the early hours of the morning, so I may not be thinking straight. I’m guessing though that one of those interested parties would be Nelson’s wicked brother, and Horatia.

        Liked by 1 person

      2. I’m sorry to hear that Luisa. Just you take care now! I may not be around too much tomorrow either because the lovely daughter of some dear friends of ours has died and obviously we’re going to her funeral. It’s so tragic 😦

        Like

      1. Allora conoscete la storia di Lady Mary Walker? Scrittrice scozzese ? Se no andatela a cercare. Questa donna aveva una figlia, che l’aveva avuta da un signore ricco(gli Hamilton erano una famiglia ricca e tutti quanti che avevo questo congnome provenivano da quella famiglia) forse la nonna non voleva creare scandalo in famiglia per questo non disse niente alla nipote di avere una parente del genere. Anche se pure la nonna avute le sue relazione extraconiugali

        Liked by 1 person

  5. At least she was able to be buried respectably. I’m glad Nelson’s friends respected his wishes. Like Malc, I will be interested to learn who else is interested besides her creditors and those like Rev Greed who may have been hoping there were some worthwhile left that was previously unknown to them.

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