John Milton, who was born in London on 9 December 1608 and died in 1674, was an English poet, and intellectual who served as a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell.
He is best known for “Paradise Lost”, widely regarded as the greatest epic poem in English.
He wrote in English, Latin, Greek, and Italian, achieving international reputation.
In 1652 Milton become blind, probably from glaucoma, and was forced to dictate his works to his family, friends and amanuenses. He had also to resign active political life.
One of his best-known sonnets, “On His Blindness”, is presumed to date from this period.
When I consider how my light is spent
Ere half my days in this dark world and wide,
And that one talent which is death to hide
Lodg’d with me useless, though my soul more bent
To serve therewith my Maker, and present
My true account, lest he returning chide,
“Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?”
I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent
That murmur, soon replies: “God doth not need
Either man’s work or his own gifts: who best
Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state
Is kingly; thousands at his bidding speed
And post o’er land and ocean without rest:
They also serve who only stand and wait.”
This is a Petrarchan sonnet, composed of two quatrains containing a question and two tercets with the answer, which begins half way through line 8 and reflects the haste with which Patience interrupts the poet’s complaint with her answer. The turning point is the word “But”
The first seven and a half lines are one big, long sentence, in which the poet wonders whether, having gone blind even before middle age, and therefore unable to use his best talent to serve God, he is still expected to keep writing.
But before he can speak up, a figure called Patience answers his question by explaining that God does not expect anything he cannot possibly accomplish, nor would He punish him because people can serve God in many different ways.
When he says he is frustrated at having wasted “that one Talent which is death to hide”, he is referring both to his talent as a poet, writer and translator, and to the parable of the talents in Matthew’s gospel.
In this parable the Lord, before leaving, gave some talents (money) to his three servants. Two of them invested their money, while another just buried it in the ground. When the Lord came back and realized that his bad servant had neglected his master’s gift , he punished him and ordered him to be “cast into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”
This parable tells Christians that at the end of our earthly life we will be held accountable to God for how we used the gifts we received. Milton seems to identify with the third servant and is afraid of being reproached by God if he does not use his talent as a poet even though he is now blind.
This “one talent” might also be his ability to translate texts from foreign languages, the task he was responsible for in the Commonwealth government.
“Day-labour” echoes another parable, the one of the labourers in the vineyard of God who receive the same wage at the end of the day , regardless of when they started working.
Patience’s reply suggests a kind of service to God different from the one advocated in the parable. God does not need man’s work, and human service to God can be done in many ways: even the apparent inaction caused by his blindness can be a kind of service as long as he is able to bear his yoke well.
John Milton, nato a Londra il 9 dicembre 1608 e morto nel 1674, fu un poeta e intellettuale inglese che servì come funzionario pubblico per il Commonwealth d’Inghilterra sotto Oliver Cromwell.
È famoso per il suo “Paradise Lost/Il Paradiso perduto”, ampiamente considerato come il più grande poema epico in inglese.
Milton scrisse in inglese, latino, greco e italiano, ottenendo fama internazionale.
Nel 1652 Milton diventò cieco, probabilmente a causa di un glaucoma, e fu costretto a dettare le sue opere a famigliari, amici o amanuensi. Fu anche obbligato a dimettersi dalla vita politica attiva.
Si presume che uno dei suoi sonetti più noti, “On His Blindness / Sulla sua cecità “, risale a questo periodo.
Quando penso a com’è spenta la mia luce
prima della metà dei miei giorni, in un mondo vasto e oscuro,
e che quell’unico talento che è morte nascondere
in me inutile sta sebbene la mia anima sarebbe ben incline
a servire con lui il mio Creatore, e a presentare
un esatto rendiconto, per timore che Lui mi rimproveri,
“Dio esige un lavoro giornaliero, anche se la vista è negata?”
chiedo scioccamente; ma la Pazienza, per prevenire
quella lamentela, pronta risponde: “Dio non ha bisogno
né del lavoro dell’uomo né dei suoi doni; colui che meglio
sopporta il Suo lieve giogo, Lo serve meglio; la Sua
condizione è regale – migliaia ai Suoi ordini si affrettano
e su terra e mare corrono senza sosta:
ma serve anche chi solo sta fermo e aspetta.
(trad: L.Z.)
Questo è un sonetto petrarchesco, composto da due quartine contenenti una domanda e due terzine con la risposta, che inizia a metà del verso 8 e riflette la fretta con cui la Pazienza interrompe il lamento del poeta con la sua risposta. La svolta è la parola “Ma”
Le prime sette righe e mezzo sono una grande, lunga frase, in cui il poeta si chiede se, essendo diventato cieco ancor prima della mezza età, e quindi incapace di usare il suo miglior talento per servire Dio, ci si aspetti che continui a scrivere.
Ma prima di poter parlare, una figura chiamata Pazienza risponde alla sua domanda spiegando che Dio non si aspetta nulla che non possa realizzare, né lo punirebbe perché Dio può essere servito in vari modi.
Quando dice di essere a frustrato per aver sprecato “quell’unico Talento che è morte nascondere”, si riferisce sia al suo talento di poeta, scrittore e traduttore, sia alla parabola dei talenti nel Vangelo di Matteo.
In questa parabola il Signore, prima di partire, dona del denaro, i talenti, ai suoi tre servi. Due li investono i loro soldi, mentre il terzo li seppellisce nel terreno. Quando il Signore torna e si accorge che il suo cattivo servitore ha trascurato il dono del suo padrone, lo punisce e ordina di ” gettarlo fuori nelle tenebre; là sarà pianto e stridore di denti. “
Questa parabola dice ai cristiani che alla fine della loro vita terrena saremo tenuti a rendere conto a Dio di come abbiamo usato i doni ricevuti. Milton sembra immedesimarsi nel terzo servitore e teme di essere rimproverato da Dio se non riesce a usare il suo talento di poeta anche se ormai è cieco.
L’“unico talento” di Milton potrebbe anche essere la sua capacità di tradurre testi da lingue straniere, compito di cui era responsabile nel governo del Commonwealth.
Anche il “lavoro giornaliero” richiama un’altra parabola, quella degli operai della vigna di Dio che ricevono lo stesso salario a fine giornata, indipendentemente da quando hanno iniziato a lavorare.
La risposta della Pazienza suggerisce un tipo di servizio a Dio diverso da quello propugnato nella parabola. Dio non ha bisogno dell’opera dell’uomo e il servizio umano a Dio può essere svolto in molti modi: anche l’apparente inerzia causata dalla sua cecità possono essere una sorta di servizio purché sappia sopportare bene il suo giogo.
Image: Henry Fuseli (1793) – Milton Dictating to His Daughter
© The Art Institute of Chicago, Preston O. Morton Memorial Purchase Fund for Older Paintings; reference no. 1973.303 (CC0)
Reblogged this on OPENED HERE >> https:/BOOKS.ESLARN-NET.DE.
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Grazie!
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Grazie a te, Federico 🙏
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I tried to read his “Paradise Lost” once and couldn’t go past the first ten pages. LOL. I guess there are many things that are just beyond me.
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To tell the truth it is difficult work, but there are some passages that are wonderful, such as Satan’s Speech, which ends with these words:
Here we may reign secure, and in my choice
To reign is worth ambition though in hell:
Better to reign in hell, than serve in heaven.
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What a beautiful line. I’d like to read your notes and quotes rather than the original book.
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You are too kind! 🙏❣️🙏
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Thanks for your interpretation so I didn’t have to labor to understand the poem. 😉 Well done.
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I am really happy that you liked my post and said that I saved you the trouble of interpreting it.😉😃
A warm hug from Italy, under the snow☃️☃️☃️
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Grazie, Luisa. A warm hug from Virginia, where it is sunny and very chilly.
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😉😘😘😘
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So awesome story 👌🌷🙏 Great Author John Milton and his 3 servants ,
and his poem very true lines land and ocean serving without rest so great 👏
We must read great people’s stories and experiences,we also getting knowledge 👍🏻🌷
Happy Wednesday and grace wishes dear 🙏♥️😊🌷
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Sorry 👏happy Thursday 🙏
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Happy Thursday to you!!!😘❣️
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🌷🙏♥️🙏
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Thank you so much, Thattamma, for your kind visit, your appreciation and adding your worthy words.🙏🙏🙏 It really means a lot to me. 💟💟💟💟💟
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I’m also so happy for you are my dear friend and so many
Great people’s story from you I can read, I’m lucky 🙏♥️😊🎄
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Thank you ! I am so glad to have met you , too💕
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🙏♥️🙏
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Perdere la vista è terribile, è come perdere metà della propria esistenza. La vita rimane ma senza colore, senza il conforto della scrittura. Nessun Dio può chiedere conto dei talenti consegnati, se lo strumento per farli fruttare viene sottratto. Questo Milton, di cui ho letto soltanto Il paradiso perduto, lo sapeva e nella sua onestà di uomo e di poeta, mette in bocca alla Pazienza la sola risposta possibile. Grazie Luisa 🌹delle tue profonde riflessioni, che ne suscitano altre.
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Grazie a te per i tuoi preziosi commenti. La vista è un bene che mi è estremamente caro. Sono terrorizzata dal suo affievolirsi e dagli altri problemi che mi sono sorti negli ultimi tempi .
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A chi lo dici, cara Luisa🌹! Vivo nel terrore di perdere la vista. Preferirei morire.
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🤗💕
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💖
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Ringrazio anch’io!
Senza la tua precisa e dettagliata spiegazione, mi sarei persa delle sfumature importanti.
❤
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Oh, Grazie🙏 !!
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Grazie, grazie, grazie 🙏🙏🙏
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❤
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Ah, back to read this properly now. I remember doing this sonnet at school. I must say your post is far more interesting that our then English teacher’s lesson it. I felt I had learned something worthwhile here. I have the book Wife to mr Milton which I quite enjoyed.
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Heartfelt thanks for this generous appreciation. I haven’t read the book you’re talking about yet, but you made me curious🙏😉🙏
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It’s an old book, written in the first person as in by the lady herself, in the form of her journal. Huge on historical detail of the time. Not terribly flattering about him.
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Thank you again from the bottom of my heart, Shehanne ❣️
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Once again I’m a student of your words. My interpretation of the line :
‘And that one talent which is death to hide
Lodg’d with me useless, though my soul more bent’
I understood to be his sight he was referring to, a wasted gift, unknown value until it is taken from him.
It was therefore enlightening to read your interpretation of the meaning behind this thought. Yours makes more sense!
Thank you Luisa 🙂
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Thank you very much for your appreciation and kind support, 🙏🙏🙏
As I am a retired teacher, I prepare my posts as I used to do with my lessons, although sometimes I doubt that I am a bit too pedantic😉😃
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I don’t think so, the devil is always in the detail! Sometimes we don’t look deeply or closely enough at the written word to extract hidden meanings, we take the surface route because it is easier to do. I did that with this poem, I took the surface route and imagined his lament was referring to the loss of his sight. It was only after reading your more in depth analysis that I could see the deeper meaning behind his words. That pedantic trait serves you well Luisa 😀 x
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Thanks for being such an encouraging voice! 🙏🙏🙏
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Molto bello e interessante il post, buon pomeriggio 🙂
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Grazie, Silvia e buon pomeriggio a te!🤗
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Perdere la vista dev’essere terribile, non riesco nemmeno a pensare come ci si possa sentire senza più vedere i colori, le immagini, senza più potere scrivere e leggere… Una mutilazione enorme forse la peggiore che vi possa essere… Questo tuo articolo mi ha commosso, le tue riflessioni mi hanno calata nella parte e… mamma mia!!!
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Deve essere atroce! Forse come fu atroce per Beethoven perdere l’udito.
Poi magari si riesce a trovare la forza per andare avanti, ma quando ci si accorge di aver perso un bene così prezioso si deve sprofondare in un baratro ❣️❣️❣️
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Milton had lost the paradise when he became blind . But he regained it by continued writing poetry . An all time great , Milton was a civil servant under the regime of Oliver Cromwell who not only wrote in English but also in Greek , Latin and Italian . ‘ On His Blindness ‘ is sonnet written after he became blind in 1652 . Nice blog . Very informative . Thanks !
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Thanks to you for your kind and thorough comment🙏🙏🙏
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Thanks !
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Di grande interesse il finale: a Dio non serve l’agitazione , né spero la sua adorazione ma serve che l’uomo guardi e rispetti il creato e accetti di farne parte senza distinguo! Dura lex
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Grazie, Stefano, in due parole hai riassunto quello che penso fosse il pensiero religioso di Milton
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My all time favorite book is Paradise Lost, Milton’s contradictions with The Blindness and some of his other works are very relatable, personally this what I believe to be his long standing appeal. I like his sarcasm and quick wit but I am a little twisted. Thank you for sharing, this it gave me some fun food for thought for my day.
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Many thanks! I am very pleased that you liked this post and was happy to read your wonderful comment 🙂
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⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
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Thanks a lot ❣️
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Quale dono più prezioso della vista? E’ terribile vivere nell’oscurità.
Grazie per questo post e per le considerazioni che proponi.
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Grazie per la riflessione, che condivido totalmente. Un carissimo saluto 🙏
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Spesso mi chiedo se sono riuscito, nella mia vita, a fa fruttare i miei talenti (pochi o tanti che siano), non tanto in termini economici, quanto in termini di utilità per gli altri.
Credo che la Parabola sia molto saggia, e che chiunque di noi debba rendersi utile agli altri in proporzione alle proprie capacità.
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E’ una giusta considerazione. Anch’io mi auguro sinceramente di essere riuscita a far fruttare i miei pochi talenti e a condividerli con gli altri
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What a fine analysis of a sensitive issue.🎄
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As always a fascinating and deep dive into Milton’s life and this particular poem. Thank you so much Luisa for sharing this. I have a friend, who is or should I say was, related to him through his ancestral lineage. A poet in his own way too! Love and light, Deborah.
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That friend of yours must have been an interesting person! Thanks for the nice message. Sending you warm greetings 💝
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Loved reading the poem and always love the way you explain in so much details Luisa 💖
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Many thanks, Daphny! I am very pleased that you liked this poem and am so happy to receive your continued kind support! 🙂
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You’re most welcome 🙂🙂🙂🙂
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🙏🙏🙏
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Luisa, sono rimasta incantata dalla spiegazione che hai dato del sonetto di John Milton- Fortunati i ragazzi/e che hanno studiato con te!!! ❤ ❤ ❤
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Ti ringrazio di cuore, Vitty carissima 💝💝💝
Buona serata
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paradise lost : mi ha sempre affascinato Pandemonio il castello di Satana costruito alle pendici di un vulcano, da dove prepara la rivolta contro il Cielo….raramente si parla di milton un Grande che non deve essere dimenticato, grazie luisa, un abbraccio
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Grazie a te, Viki cara. Milton forse è un po’ troppo erudito per essere goduto con nonchalance dal lettore
Buon pomeriggio
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forse sì anche se il suo paradiso perduto è notissimo…o magari così pare a me 😀 ciauuuu
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🌷🤗🌷
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ottima spiegazione di questo sonetto. Bella serata
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Grazie di cuore!
Buona serata a te
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buona serata
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Dear Louisa, your post is wonderful, I can think of many words of praise but this will do for now.
John Milton’s poem on his blindness comes even more alive after you in depth clarify the whole.
I would love to be able to write a Petrarchan sonnet , love the idea of the opposites.
Patience really calms the storm within and I love the famous last line “ They also serve who only
stand and wait”.
Thank you Louisa.
Miriam
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You are right, the final lines contain a wonderful message: what is required of us is within our reach, not superior to our strength, We do not need to be heroes in order to be good people.
Thanks a lot for your wonderful comment, dear Miriam
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Thank you and forgive for getting your name wrong, Luisa. 💖.
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It’s the British spelling, isn’t it? 😉🤗😉
Have a lovely weekend 💞
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Milton e il Paradiso perduto mi riportano agli studi delle scuole superiori🙂 che bello! Grazie
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Che gioia riportarti delle belle memorie!
Un forte abbraccio 🌷🤗🌷
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[…] On His Blindness […]
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I appreciate the kind reblog 🙏🙏🙏
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This is so interesting!
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Thanks a lot for your nice comment!
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A clear explanation of a wonderful poem.
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Thank you so much for your nice comment!
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Thank you for the quick and intriguing literature education 🙂 Your interpretations of the sonnet are definitely thought-provoking. And thanks for stopping by my blog!
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Many thanks! I am very pleased that you liked Milton’s poem and my interpretation🙏
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For sure. You definitely know your way around a classic poem.
Thank you for checking out my blog! I’d love it if we could follow each other. Cheers!
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👌 With pleasure
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[…] On His Blindness […]
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Thanks a lot for sharing 🙏💙🙏
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[…] On His Blindness […]
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Thanks a lot for reblogging 🙏💟🙏💟🙏
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The poem is lovely.
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[…] (Blog di Luisa) […]
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🙏❣️🙏❣️🙏❣️🙏
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Grazie luisa, cariños Juan
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Grazie infinite a te, caro Juan 🙏🙏🙏
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